Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) in Patients of Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Correlation with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Abstract
Background: Various studies have demonstrated the association of thin (CCT) with existing progression of existing glaucoma. Theexplanation for why CCT is a risk factor for glaucoma is not known. The simple explanation is that it is a surrogate for the known risk of IOP as the actual IOP is higher than the measured IOP in eyes with thin CCT. Diabetes mellitus affects corneal endothelium by alteringsodium potassium ATPase activity. Few studies were done by some researchers to analyse corneal morphological changes includingcorneal thickness in diabetic patients. Our study will add to this research. Objectives: To quantitatively analyze central corneal thickness in patients of type2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with primaryopen angle (POAG) Material and Methods: This study was conducted on diabetic patients for a period of 9 months at department of ophthalmology District Hospital Pulwama & G.M.C Doda, J & K. 100 known diabetic patients aged between 50 to 80 years and 100 age matched nondiabeticcontrols were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history was noted in all the patients and they underwentophthalmic evaluation and Investigation Results: The study group consisted of 100 diabetic patients (48 males & 52 females) in the age group of 50 to 80 years with mean ageof 62.15 ± 6.48 years and 100 non diabetics (31 Males & 59 females) in the age group of 50 to 80 years with mean age of 63.15 ± 5.37. Among diabetics Mean CCT was 572.44 ± 10.65 μm in right eye and 572.11 ± 10.52 μm in left eye. Control group had mean CCT of 539.83± 10.85 in right eye and 538.83 ± 10.32 μm in left eye. POAG cases found were 7% in diabetic group and 3% in control group. Mean CCT among diabetics with POAG was 568.60 ± 5.648 μm as compared to 532.23 ± 5.848 μm in non-diabetics with POAG in Right eye& 565.09 ± 6.264 μm as compared to 536.12 ± 6.464 μm in left eye of non-diabetics with POAG. Mean CCT among non-glaucomatousdiabetic patients was 576.29 ± 11.047 μm as compared to 547.43 ± 11.247 μm in non-diabetics without POAG in Right eye & 579.14 ±10.80 μm as compared to 541.54 ± 10.600 μm of non-diabetics without POAG in left eye. Mean CD ratio of POAG & normal diabeticswas respectively 0.680 & 0.400 (p<0.05). Mean IOP in right eye among POAG, and non-glaucomatous patients was 27.00 ± 2.55 mmhgand 15.15 ± 2.61 mmhg respectively. Mean IOP in left eye among POAG, and non-glaucomatous patients was 27.20 ± 2.77 mmhg and15.52 ± 2.26 mmhg. Thus, our study found statistically significant thicker central corneal thickness in diabetics than in non-diabetics both in glaucomatousand non-glaucomatous subjects. Conclusion: Diabetics have thicker corneas than non-diabetics
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