Development of Quality Control Parameters and Deciphering Phytochemical Profile of the Messua Ferrea Linn Stamens
Abstract
Introduction: ‘Nagakesara’ aka ‘Cobra’s saffron’ is recommended in many ayurvedic remedies, consisting of dried stamens of Mesua ferrea Linn (Fam. Calophyllaceae). Thus, we aimed to develop a comprehensive quality control toolkit for M. ferrea stamen to ensure its identity, purity, consistency and mitigate adulteration.
Materials and Methods: Collection, authentication, and pulverization of the stamens of M. ferrea was done for the determination of the physiochemical, qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals, HPLC and LC-MS fingerprint, as well as secondary-metabolites in the stamen extract in view of World Health Organization (WHO) and Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia.
Results: Collected stamens of M. ferrea were authenticated by the Botanical Survey of India. Determined physicochemical attributes of the authenticated powdered stamens were found within the permissible limits. Yield of the hydroalcoholic extract of the stamens was found to 18.26 % w/w and was found enriched in secondary metabolites viz., alkaloids, glycosides, coumarin, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, carbohydrates, phytosterols and amino acids. Quantified total phenolic, flavonoid and carbohydrate content were found to be 284.24 ± 8.18 μg equivalent of gallic acid/ mg, 242.52 ± 8.36 μg equivalent of quercetin/ mg and 92.34 ± 2.58 μg equivalent of glucose/ mg of extract, respectively, Further, HPTLC and LC-MS fingerprint profile of the extract were developed. Twenty phytochemicals were identified by the generated LC-MS data.
Discussion: Established physicochemical, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical, chromatographic fingerprints and identified phytochemical profile of the M. ferrea stamens would serve as definitive tools for quality control and assurance measures by the regulatory authorities.
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